Jonathan maccabeus, jewish general, a son of the priest mattathias, who took over the leadership of the maccabean revolt after the death of his elder brother judas. Os livros dos macabeus constituido por quatro judeu livros nomeado apos maccabeus judas, o heroi dos dois primeiros. The book of 3 maccabees tells the story of persecution of the jews under ptolemy iv philopator 222205 bc prior to the maccabean uprising. Why the maccabees arent in the bible my jewish learning. Books by marcus aurelius marcus aurelius average rating 4. The books of maccabees are not part of the hebrew bible. A series of books relating events centering around judas maccabeus and other heroes in the jewish struggle for religious and political freedom. These books include within them the earliest references. The books of the maccabees are books concerned with the maccabees, the leaders of the jewish rebellion against the seleucid dynasty and related subjects. Antiochus, buoyed by his success of the gymnasium, decided to push harder against the jewish religion.
When the old testament closes, the people of israel have returned from the babylonian exile, and the work of rebuilding has begun. Among these latter works were included the books of maccabees. Jason depicts onias iii and other martyrs alongside judas maccabaeus as champions. At this point, therefore, let us begin our narrative, without adding any more to what has already been said, for it would be foolish to lengthen the preface while cutting short the history itself. Asmonaeans or hasmonaeans is the proper name of the family, which is derived from cashmon, great grandfather of mattathias. Their translation, which we loosely refer to as the septuagint, after the greek version of. In the book of first maccabees, we find antiochus iv issued a decree forbidding.
Jan 02, 2020 the canon of orthodox deuterocanonical books and the armenian bible list 3 maccabees, while 4 maccabees is listed in the canon of the georgian orthodox bible. Maccabeus article about maccabeus by the free dictionary. Judas seeks an alliance with the roman republic to remove the greeks. The first book of the maccabees books of the testament of the lord were found, and whosoever observed the law of the lord, they put to death, according to the edict of the king. The first book of the maccabees covers the period of forty years from the accession of antiochus 175 b. The two books of maccabees contain independent accounts of events in part identical. Background judas was nicknamed the maccabee which means the hammer. The first and second books of maccabees contain the most detailed. Jonathan vanquished even the strategi of demetrius far to the north, in the plain of hazar, and simeon at the same time took the strong fortress of bethzur on the pretext that it harbored demetrians i macc. The first book of the maccabees book of the maccabees books of the testament of the lord were found, and whosoever observed the law of the lord, they put to death, according to the edict of the king. The books that tell the hanukkah tale didnt make it into the hebrew bible but they are in the catholic one. With an active marketplace of over 175 million items, use the alibris advanced search page to find any item you are looking for through the advanced search, you can find items by searching specific terms such as title, artist, song title, genre, etc or you can narrow your focus using our amazing set of criteria parameters. The three ethiopian books of meqabyan quite distinct works from the other four books of maccabees, which are canonical in the ethiopian orthodox tewahedo church, also refer to the maccabee martyrs.
According to his opening statement, the author seeks to demonstrate that religious reason can be the master of ones passions. The syrian leader antiochus iv tried to get the jews to adopt greek practices and turned the jerusalem temple into a shrine to zeus. Be that as it may, some of the debates surrounding these discussionswhenever and. There are four books which pass under this namei, ii, iii, and iv maccabees. Jul 09, 2012 israeli archeologists have spent many years looking for the lost tombs of the maccabees. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone.
The festival of hanukkah is instituted by judas maccabeus and his brothers to celebrate this event 1 macc. The books do not appear in the jewish bible, but 1 and 2 maccabees are included in the greek and latin canon and in the protestant apocrypha. After a brief preface summarizing alexanders conquests, death, and successors, the author begins his story with antiochus epiphanes invasion of egypt and subsequent desecration of the temple, and. Apr 09, 2014 books of the maccabees paperback april 9, 2014 by king james bible author, douay rheims author 4. Judas maccabeus and his family led a jewish revolt against the seleucids in the second century bce. These books include within them the earliest references to the story of. The people of israel have been specially chosen by the one true god as. Books of maccabees encyclopedia of the bible bible gateway. It is radically different from the other books of maccabees, and in spite of a greater number of chapters, it is slightly shorter than 2 maccabees and only half as long as 1 maccabees in actual text. The term mostly refers to two deuterocanonical books contained in various canons of the bible.
Judas maccabeus was a priest who led the revolt against the seleucid empire in israel in the second century bc. The book is held as canonical scripture by the catholic, orthodox, and oriental. The first and second books of maccabees contain the most detailed accounts of the battles of judah maccabee and his brothers for the liberation of judea from foreign domination. The books of the maccabees, four books, none of which is in the hebrew bible but all of.
These books were better known among greek speaking jews in the mediterranean world around the time of jesus. When simon succeeded jonathan, he acquired the status of a recognized secular ruler. I was looking for all five of the books of the maccabees since only two are in the apocrypha and thereby easily available. The books of the maccabees consist of four jewish books named after judas maccabeus, the hero of the first two. Iii maccabees, chapter 1 1 when philopator learned from those who returned that the regions which he had controlled had been seized by antiochus, he gave orders to all his forces, both infantry and cavalry, took with him his sister arsinoe, and marched out to the region near raphia, where antiochuss supporters were encamped. He led the maccabean revolt against the seleucid empire 167160 bce. The five books of the maccabees with notes oxford press 1832. In 1827 the british and foreign bible society decided never to print or circulate copies of the king james version containing the apocrypha. Maccabeus was a jiralhanae war chieftain and one of the few jiralhanae shipmasters of the covenant prior to the great schism. Like judah in former years, jonathan sought alliances with foreign peoples. Judas maccabeus led the jewish revolt against the syrians and rededicated the temple in the 2nd century b.
There are seven poetic sections in the book that imitate the style of classical. The narrative is primarily prose text, but is interrupted by seven poetic. Then the king being incensed with anger, raged against him more. The books of the maccabees are books concerned with the maccabees, the leaders of the jewish rebellion against the seleucid dynasty and related subjects the term mostly refers to two deuterocanonical books contained in various canons of the bible. The name maccabeus was first applied to judas, one of the sons of mattathias generally called in english the maccabees, a celebrated family who defended jewish rights and customs in the 2nd century bc 1 macc 2. Maccabees international standard bible encyclopedia. Both 1 and 2 maccabees offer an important history that forms the background of the jewish hannukah holiday that celebrates the cleansing and restoration of the temple. He is succeeded by his brother jonathan, who becomes high priest and also seeks alliance with rome and confirms alliance with areus of sparta 1 macc. Like these biblical books, although it is written largely in prose, now and again it includes poetry, such as the lamentation of mattathias 2. Here is the history of the situation in the caribbean when it comes to christianity and the reading of the bible. This title, which was originally the surname of judas, one of the sons of mattathias, was afterward extended to the heroic family of which he was one of the noblest representatives. Oct 29, 2015 this was a method of making the state bigger and of greater authority than any other religion other than the greek polytheism, thus many jewish people fell in line and acquiesced to the regime. A brilliant diplomat, if not quite so good a soldier as his elder brother, jonathan refused all compromise with the superior seleucid.
Judah maccabee or judas maccabeus, also spelled machabeus, or maccab. Sep 25, 2011 the maccabee bible did include these two books. Jonathan, another of mattathias sons, became new high priest after the rededication of the temple and also became commander of the army. The first of these is the only one of the four which can be regarded as a reliable historical source. First maccabees written circa 4104 bce and describing the period of 1665 bce is devoted to presenting the maccabean dynasty, from mattathias through his son judah, to jonathan and simon who became high priests and gained political independence. The books of the maccabees biblical literature britannica. The following seven books continue their story in the promised land. The name maccabee, probably meaning hammer, is actually applied in the books of maccabees to only one man, judas, third son of the priest mattathias and first leader of the revolt against the seleucid kings who persecuted the jews 1 mc 2. The books of the maccabees are books concerned with the maccabees, the leaders of the. The books do not appear in the jewish bible, but 1 and 2 maccabees are included in the greek and latin canon and. Thus i was pleased and eager to get this, which claims to be a translation of all five books. He was also the uncle and precursor to the future chieftain of the jiralhanae, tartarus. Whether youve loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them. Why does the catholic bible include the maccabees and the.
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